Causal Inference
Separating what causes what from what merely moves together — and what it takes to claim the difference.
4 articles, newest first.
- When you cannot randomise users Interference, marketplaces and features that leak between groups. Cluster and geo randomisation, switchback tests, and the observational fallbacks with their assumptions stated.
- Simpson's paradox is hiding in your dashboard Aggregates can reverse when you split by segment — a mix-shift illusion that routinely misleads metric reviews. How to spot it and which number to trust.
- Simpson's paradox from first principles Why an average over groups can point the opposite way to every group inside it, what the Berkeley admissions case actually showed, and how to decide which number to act on.
- Correlation is not causation, but The three things that can produce any correlation, why the famous slogan stops thought instead of starting it, and what actually establishes a causal claim.